A Maine-based tidal energy company has applied to federal regulators for a preliminary permit for a tidal energy project proposed for development off the coast. ORPC Maine, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ocean Renewable Power Company, LLC, filed its application with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission on December 4, 2015, seeking a preliminary permit for the Western Passage Tidal Energy Project off the downeast city of Eastport. The preliminary permit could set ORPC up to develop hydrokinetic energy generation at the site, though process and uncertainty lie ahead before the project could be developed.
ORPC filed its application for preliminary permit for the Western Passage project on December 4, 2015. The FERC docketed the filing under P-14743. As described in its application, the project would entail "a next generation TidGen® Power System with a buoyant tension mooring system (BTMS)." The turbine generator unit, or TGU, would be similar to that installed by ORPC in Cobscook Bay in 2012. While ORPC noted that it will determine the ultimate project configuration based on activities conducted during the preliminary permit phase, ORPC estimates the project will consist of approximately 15 total TGUs. The nameplate rating of each will be up to 500 kilowatts (kW) with the total project output capped at 5 MW.
ORPC previously held preliminary permits for the Western Passage site (P-12680) which expired on December 31, 2013. ORPC requested a successive preliminary permit on January 1, 2014, but the FERC issued an order denying a third preliminary permit for lack of extraordinary circumstances.
In its recent application, ORPC notes that it has "continued environmental studies and engagement with local stakeholders and regulatory officials regarding the Cobscook Bay Project, and have kept them informed regarding potential future plans for Western Passage," and highlights its other recent successes, including support from the U.S. Department of Energy and local stakeholders.
It is unclear whether the FERC will grant ORPC's application. Assuming it does, the preliminary permit will give ORPC exclusive rights for 36 months to study the site, and priority to file an application for a project license. That preliminary permit term should enable ORPC to study any technical and economic challenges relating to the Western Passage project -- after which the developer may be in a better position to evaluate the project's feasibility and support an application for a license.
Energy powers society; society's choices shape energy policy. A blog about our energy resources and the choices they present for society.
Showing posts with label Eastport. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Eastport. Show all posts
US first tidal project to come online
Wednesday, September 12, 2012
The nation's first commercial, grid-connected tidal energy project is scheduled to go live this month, as Ocean Renewable Power Company plans to start delivering power to the grid from its Cobscook Bay Tidal Energy Project.
Earlier this year, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission issued an pilot project license to Ocean Renewable Power Company Maine, LLC for its Cobscook project near Eastport, Maine. The initial phase of ORPC's project involves a hydrokinetic turbine connected to a generator capable of producing up to 180 kilowatts of energy; after monitoring this turbine for a year, ORPC plans to expand the project to a capacity of 3 megawatts.
ORPC also won a 20-year power purchase agreement to sell the projects' output to Maine's three large electric utilities at a price escalating from 21.5 cents per kilowatt-hour. That PPA was the result of a Maine law creating a competitive process for marine renewable energy developers to secure offtake agreements.
In a filing with the FERC earlier this week, ORPC announced that it anticipates delivering power from the Cobscook project to the mainland Bangor Hydro Electric Co. grid starting today. According to the filing, this initial power delivery is part of the project's commissioning phase, with commencement of commercial operation expected by September 20.
Hydrokinetic projects -- generating electricity from tides, waves, and free-flowing rivers -- is a new sector of the U.S. energy portfolio. Studies suggest that hydrokinetic resources have great potential, with tidal energy's electric production potential estimated to be 2.38 terawatt-hours per year, equal to an average power of 270 MW. Wave energy appears to provide the larger resource, with an estimated electricity production potential of about approximately 260 TWh/yr (equal to an average power of 30,000 MW), with river in-stream electricity production potential estimated at approximately 110 TWh/yr.
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| A scene from the Maine coast: Crow Island off Great Cranberry Island, about 100 miles west of the Cobscook Bay Tidal Energy Project. |
Earlier this year, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission issued an pilot project license to Ocean Renewable Power Company Maine, LLC for its Cobscook project near Eastport, Maine. The initial phase of ORPC's project involves a hydrokinetic turbine connected to a generator capable of producing up to 180 kilowatts of energy; after monitoring this turbine for a year, ORPC plans to expand the project to a capacity of 3 megawatts.
ORPC also won a 20-year power purchase agreement to sell the projects' output to Maine's three large electric utilities at a price escalating from 21.5 cents per kilowatt-hour. That PPA was the result of a Maine law creating a competitive process for marine renewable energy developers to secure offtake agreements.
In a filing with the FERC earlier this week, ORPC announced that it anticipates delivering power from the Cobscook project to the mainland Bangor Hydro Electric Co. grid starting today. According to the filing, this initial power delivery is part of the project's commissioning phase, with commencement of commercial operation expected by September 20.
Hydrokinetic projects -- generating electricity from tides, waves, and free-flowing rivers -- is a new sector of the U.S. energy portfolio. Studies suggest that hydrokinetic resources have great potential, with tidal energy's electric production potential estimated to be 2.38 terawatt-hours per year, equal to an average power of 270 MW. Wave energy appears to provide the larger resource, with an estimated electricity production potential of about approximately 260 TWh/yr (equal to an average power of 30,000 MW), with river in-stream electricity production potential estimated at approximately 110 TWh/yr.
Maine tidal project wins pilot license
Tuesday, February 28, 2012
Federal regulators have issued a pilot project license to a tidal energy project proposed in Maine's Cobscook Bay. Yesterday, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission issued an order granting Ocean Renewable Power Company Maine, LLC an 8-year pilot project license to construct, operate, and maintain its proposed Cobscook Bay Tidal Energy Project. As licensed, the 300 kilowatt project will be located in Cobscook Bay north and east of Seaward Neck and west of Shackford Head State Park in Eastport, Maine.
ORPC Maine applied for its pilot license in September 2011. Last month, FERC issued its Environmental Assessment of the Cobscook project, finding generally that licensing the hydrokinetic project with appropriate environmental protective measures would not constitute a major federal action that would significantly affect the quality of the human environment.
FERC granted the pilot project license just 179 days after the license application was filed, a relatively quick timeline for hydropower permitting made possible by FERC's hydrokinetic pilot project licensing process. As envisioned by FERC staff, the ideal pilot project should be (1) small, (2) short term, (3) located in non-sensitive areas based on the Commission’s review of the record, (4) removable and able to be shut down on short notice, (5) removed, with the site restored, before the end of the license term (unless a new license is granted), and (6) initiated by a draft application in a form sufficient to support environmental analysis. In ORPC Maine's case, FERC staff agreed that the Cobscook project was a good fit for pilot project licensing process after reviewing the developer's application.
FERC's order approving the license includes an analysis of the economic benefits of project power. As licensed, FERC found that the levelized annual cost of operating the project would be about $1,419,600, or $1.13/kWh. Based on an estimated average generation of 1,250,000 kWh as licensed, the annual value of alternative grid-based power would be $90,400, or 7.2 cents/kWh. Therefore, in the first year of operation the project power would cost $1,329,200, or $1.06/kWh, more than the cost of alternative power.
As FERC found, "The project has relatively high capital and operation and maintenance costs with respect to the amount of power produced. Although our analysis shows that the project as licensed herein would cost more to operate than our estimated cost of alternative power, it is the applicant who must decide whether to accept this license and any financial risk that entails. This project’s value, however, lies in its successful testing and demonstration of ORPC Maine’s turbine technology, and the project’s ability to raise the profile of, and advance, the emergent tidal energy industry."
ORPC Maine applied for its pilot license in September 2011. Last month, FERC issued its Environmental Assessment of the Cobscook project, finding generally that licensing the hydrokinetic project with appropriate environmental protective measures would not constitute a major federal action that would significantly affect the quality of the human environment.
FERC granted the pilot project license just 179 days after the license application was filed, a relatively quick timeline for hydropower permitting made possible by FERC's hydrokinetic pilot project licensing process. As envisioned by FERC staff, the ideal pilot project should be (1) small, (2) short term, (3) located in non-sensitive areas based on the Commission’s review of the record, (4) removable and able to be shut down on short notice, (5) removed, with the site restored, before the end of the license term (unless a new license is granted), and (6) initiated by a draft application in a form sufficient to support environmental analysis. In ORPC Maine's case, FERC staff agreed that the Cobscook project was a good fit for pilot project licensing process after reviewing the developer's application.
FERC's order approving the license includes an analysis of the economic benefits of project power. As licensed, FERC found that the levelized annual cost of operating the project would be about $1,419,600, or $1.13/kWh. Based on an estimated average generation of 1,250,000 kWh as licensed, the annual value of alternative grid-based power would be $90,400, or 7.2 cents/kWh. Therefore, in the first year of operation the project power would cost $1,329,200, or $1.06/kWh, more than the cost of alternative power.
As FERC found, "The project has relatively high capital and operation and maintenance costs with respect to the amount of power produced. Although our analysis shows that the project as licensed herein would cost more to operate than our estimated cost of alternative power, it is the applicant who must decide whether to accept this license and any financial risk that entails. This project’s value, however, lies in its successful testing and demonstration of ORPC Maine’s turbine technology, and the project’s ability to raise the profile of, and advance, the emergent tidal energy industry."
Cobscook tidal project environmental review
Wednesday, January 11, 2012
A tidal energy project proposed in Maine has passed an initial federal environmental review. Federal regulators have released an environmental assessment of the Cobscook Bay Tidal Energy Project (182-page PDF), finding generally that licensing the hydrokinetic project with appropriate environmental protective measures would not constitute a major federal action that would significantly affect the quality of the human environment.
The Cobscook Bay project is proposed by Ocean Renewable Power Company Maine, LLC. ORPC proposes to develop a 300 kilowatt hydrokinetic project in Cobscook Bay near the city of Eastport and the town of Lubec, Maine. The project entails five cross-flow hydrokinetic turbine generator units, each with a rated capacity of 60 kW. According to FERC, the project's construction will cost an estimated $11.5 million, with operation and maintenance adding $146,000 per year. Staff's analysis suggests that during its first year of operation, the project would produce power at a cost that is $1.3 million more than the cost of alternative power (or about 1 cent per kWh above alternative power).
ORPC Maine has applied to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission for an 8-year pilot license for the Cobscook project. Under the National Environmental Policy Act, federal agencies must evaluate the environmental impacts of agency actions such as issuing licenses for energy projects. Performing an environmental assessment is one step in the NEPA process. If the agency concludes that issuing the license would have relatively minor environmental impacts, as the FERC did for the Cobscook project, it can avoid the more stringent review process of preparing an environmental impact statement.
In the Cobscook project's environmental assessment, FERC staff recommended licensing the project with several additional modifications. FERC invites public comment for 30 days following publication of notice of the environmental assessment.
The Cobscook Bay project is proposed by Ocean Renewable Power Company Maine, LLC. ORPC proposes to develop a 300 kilowatt hydrokinetic project in Cobscook Bay near the city of Eastport and the town of Lubec, Maine. The project entails five cross-flow hydrokinetic turbine generator units, each with a rated capacity of 60 kW. According to FERC, the project's construction will cost an estimated $11.5 million, with operation and maintenance adding $146,000 per year. Staff's analysis suggests that during its first year of operation, the project would produce power at a cost that is $1.3 million more than the cost of alternative power (or about 1 cent per kWh above alternative power).
ORPC Maine has applied to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission for an 8-year pilot license for the Cobscook project. Under the National Environmental Policy Act, federal agencies must evaluate the environmental impacts of agency actions such as issuing licenses for energy projects. Performing an environmental assessment is one step in the NEPA process. If the agency concludes that issuing the license would have relatively minor environmental impacts, as the FERC did for the Cobscook project, it can avoid the more stringent review process of preparing an environmental impact statement.
In the Cobscook project's environmental assessment, FERC staff recommended licensing the project with several additional modifications. FERC invites public comment for 30 days following publication of notice of the environmental assessment.
August 25, 2010 - tidal energy; sewage anaerobic digestion
Wednesday, August 25, 2010
What is the first federal facility anywhere to use tidal power as an energy source? A Coast Guard station in Eastport, Maine is claiming the title with its project to install Ocean Renewable Power Company's tidal energy turbine and generator. ORPC installed a 60 kW tidal turbine and generator in March 2010. Last week, ORPC announced that the unit had commenced powering the Coast Guard's 41' utility boat with electricity of a quality compatible with being grid-tied. Yesterday, in Eastport, there was a celebration of the project's successes and promises.
Lewiston and Auburn, two of Maine's largest sister cities on either side of the Androscoggin River, share sewer treatment services through the Lewiston-Auburn Water Pollution Control Authority. Currently, the plant treats 12.7 million gallons of sewage per day. This process results in two major products: clean water, and the solids that (in technical ways, if not semantically) make up the difference between sewage and water. The authority mixes about half of the solids with wood to make a marketable compost, but has to pay to dispose the remaining solids. Now, the authority is considering installing an anaerobic digestion plant. This plant would have two major effects. First, it would significantly reduce the mass of solids requiring disposal -- up to a 40% reduction. Where that mass would go produces the second major effect of the plant: through anaerobic digestion, combustible gas (primarily methane) is produced from the solids. This gas can be burned in a gas turbine, which can be tied to a generator. For Lewiston-Auburn, gas production is estimated at 170,000 cubic feet of methane per day; the authority estimates that it can produce 2/3 of its own electricity requirements from this fuel stream. The cost? $16.6 million. On September 8, the board of the authority will vote on the project.
The public debate over wind energy's merits continues with this letter to the Lewiston Sun Journal critical of developing wind near small towns and mountains in Maine. Claims made include "they will not produce enough energy to make a dent in our needs, but it will make some investors very rich" and "the energy will be sold out of state".
Copper theft is an issue in Maine. Copper is valuable for its scrap value. Thieves strike utility infrastructure as well as homes. Here's a news report of a thief busted for stealing the copper piping from a house listed for sale.
Lewiston and Auburn, two of Maine's largest sister cities on either side of the Androscoggin River, share sewer treatment services through the Lewiston-Auburn Water Pollution Control Authority. Currently, the plant treats 12.7 million gallons of sewage per day. This process results in two major products: clean water, and the solids that (in technical ways, if not semantically) make up the difference between sewage and water. The authority mixes about half of the solids with wood to make a marketable compost, but has to pay to dispose the remaining solids. Now, the authority is considering installing an anaerobic digestion plant. This plant would have two major effects. First, it would significantly reduce the mass of solids requiring disposal -- up to a 40% reduction. Where that mass would go produces the second major effect of the plant: through anaerobic digestion, combustible gas (primarily methane) is produced from the solids. This gas can be burned in a gas turbine, which can be tied to a generator. For Lewiston-Auburn, gas production is estimated at 170,000 cubic feet of methane per day; the authority estimates that it can produce 2/3 of its own electricity requirements from this fuel stream. The cost? $16.6 million. On September 8, the board of the authority will vote on the project.
The public debate over wind energy's merits continues with this letter to the Lewiston Sun Journal critical of developing wind near small towns and mountains in Maine. Claims made include "they will not produce enough energy to make a dent in our needs, but it will make some investors very rich" and "the energy will be sold out of state".
Copper theft is an issue in Maine. Copper is valuable for its scrap value. Thieves strike utility infrastructure as well as homes. Here's a news report of a thief busted for stealing the copper piping from a house listed for sale.
August 23, 2010 - nonethanol gasoline gone from Maine; loss of biofuel tax credit
Monday, August 23, 2010
In Maine, regulatory and market changes have led to the end of nonethanol gasoline's availability. While many vehicle engines can run on gasoline cut with ethanol like E10 (10% ethanol, 90% gasoline), certain engines like aircraft cannot handle the ethanol mix. Ethanol-gasoline mixes tend to absorb water (and then burn poorly), and can break down fiberglass fuel tanks and lines. Federal and state policies have required ethanol to be added to gasoline for a variety of reasons including economic support for domestic agrifuels production and the need for an alternative to toxic MTBE as a fuel oxygenator.
Want proof that regulatory uncertainty places a chilling effect on businesses? Here's a story from Vermont about how the loss of a biofuel production tax credit has led to the closing of a business, placing state money at risk. Biocardel Vermont LLC, located in Swanton, Vermont, had been pitched as being able to produce up to 8 million gallons of biodiesel a year from soybean and other oils. Biocardel had been eligible for a tax credit of $1 per gallon produced, and had received $645,000 in low-interest loans from the Vermont Economic Development Authority. Vermont also gave Biocardel tax credits potentially worth up to $534,522 if it completed its buildout and commenced full hiring and production. With the loss of the federal tax credit, the operation has now closed.
Massachusetts continues to deal with issues of how to site wind turbines. This article describes the tensions between those who want merchant-scale wind power in Massachusetts, and those who do not want to see that kind of development. Overlaid onto this mix, Governor Deval Patrick has pushed a bill through the state legislature to streamline the permitting process for wind projects.
Want to see tidal power generation in action? Get yourself to Eastport, Maine. Tomorrow, dignitaries will celebrate Ocean Renewable Power Company's announcement that its 60-kilowatt turbine-generator has successfully produced commercially marketable electricity. ORPC will us the 60 kW turbine-generator for a 60-day demonstration project at the Coast Guard's Eastport Station, and plans install a grid-tied 150 kW system next year.
Want proof that regulatory uncertainty places a chilling effect on businesses? Here's a story from Vermont about how the loss of a biofuel production tax credit has led to the closing of a business, placing state money at risk. Biocardel Vermont LLC, located in Swanton, Vermont, had been pitched as being able to produce up to 8 million gallons of biodiesel a year from soybean and other oils. Biocardel had been eligible for a tax credit of $1 per gallon produced, and had received $645,000 in low-interest loans from the Vermont Economic Development Authority. Vermont also gave Biocardel tax credits potentially worth up to $534,522 if it completed its buildout and commenced full hiring and production. With the loss of the federal tax credit, the operation has now closed.
Massachusetts continues to deal with issues of how to site wind turbines. This article describes the tensions between those who want merchant-scale wind power in Massachusetts, and those who do not want to see that kind of development. Overlaid onto this mix, Governor Deval Patrick has pushed a bill through the state legislature to streamline the permitting process for wind projects.
Want to see tidal power generation in action? Get yourself to Eastport, Maine. Tomorrow, dignitaries will celebrate Ocean Renewable Power Company's announcement that its 60-kilowatt turbine-generator has successfully produced commercially marketable electricity. ORPC will us the 60 kW turbine-generator for a 60-day demonstration project at the Coast Guard's Eastport Station, and plans install a grid-tied 150 kW system next year.
June 10, 2010 - tidal power in Maine in the 1930s
Thursday, June 10, 2010
I've been reading the 1937 Federal Writers' Project book Maine - A Guide 'Down East' in the past days. I was first drawn to the description of my home territory, including the tide mill at Winnegance. This reading in turn pointed me at the grand Passamaquoddy Power Project.
It is interesting to see how writers in 1937 viewed the linkage between tidal energy development and economic development and growth . Take, for example, the Guide's description of Lubec:
At the time, Maine was viewed as having vast mineral resources, needing only affordable energy to develop:
Maine - A Guide 'Down East' at 10.
The description of the Passamaquoddy Project echoes these values:
You probably don't think of Maine as a hub of mining and refining powered by tidal power. The Passamaquoddy Power Project was never completed. Lubec and Quoddy were hives of activity for several brief years in the mid-1930s, as hundreds of men and women descended on the area to construct a number of dams for the project. Dams were built between several key points and islands, including tidal dikes built between Treat Island and Dudley Island and from the Pleasant Point Passamaquoddy Reservation to Carlow Island, and then connecting to Moose Island, which makes up the bulk of Eastport.
After all this excitement and activity, the project was ultimately canceled. Congressional support was pulled. In the ensuing 70 years, the government has renewed its interest in the tidal power of Passamaquoddy Bay several times, although the lack of consistent support and direction may be responsible for the lack of any completed projects. I'll look at why this may be in the coming days.
It is interesting to see how writers in 1937 viewed the linkage between tidal energy development and economic development and growth . Take, for example, the Guide's description of Lubec:
LUBEC (alt. 80, Lubec Town, pop. 2983), 11 m., has had greatly increased activity since the beginning of the Passamaquoddy Power Project (see Tour 1N). It is a picturesque seaside village with beautiful views of surrounding bays and coves.
At the time, Maine was viewed as having vast mineral resources, needing only affordable energy to develop:
The clays that form enormous deposits around Passamaquoddy and Penobscot Bays and elsewhere are particularly rich and promising sources of bauxite, the only ore of aluminum now in commercial use. The existence of cheap power, which the completed tide-harnessing project at Quoddy would supply, should make the development of this important resource economically possible.
Maine - A Guide 'Down East' at 10.
The description of the Passamaquoddy Project echoes these values:
The electricity generated at Quoddy would be greater than the combined capacity of all existing power stations in the State, and would supply cheap power to farms throughout Maine and to industries which might be encouraged to enter the region. It was hoped by advocates of the project that the newly created opportunities for manufacturing would bring about the development of the State's mineral deposits.
You probably don't think of Maine as a hub of mining and refining powered by tidal power. The Passamaquoddy Power Project was never completed. Lubec and Quoddy were hives of activity for several brief years in the mid-1930s, as hundreds of men and women descended on the area to construct a number of dams for the project. Dams were built between several key points and islands, including tidal dikes built between Treat Island and Dudley Island and from the Pleasant Point Passamaquoddy Reservation to Carlow Island, and then connecting to Moose Island, which makes up the bulk of Eastport.
After all this excitement and activity, the project was ultimately canceled. Congressional support was pulled. In the ensuing 70 years, the government has renewed its interest in the tidal power of Passamaquoddy Bay several times, although the lack of consistent support and direction may be responsible for the lack of any completed projects. I'll look at why this may be in the coming days.
2/19/10
Friday, February 19, 2010
Since transportation is such a large part of our energy consumption, transportation policy has implications on energy policy. Rail service can provide low-cost, low-carbon transportation for a variety of raw materials and products. That's why the Maine legislature is considering a proposal for $20 million in bonds to enable the state to purchase 240 miles of the Millinocket to Madawaska line. Word on the street is that its owner Montreal, Maine and Atlantic Railroad will begin the legal process to abandon the tracks as early as this week. If abandoned, this would eliminate rail service to about 20 companies, including some of northern Maine's largest employers.
More offshore tidal power! Portland, Maine-based Ocean Renewable Power is deploying its 60 kW underwater Turbine Generator Unit (TGU). (Note that 60 kW will make this the largest ocean energy device deployed in U.S. waters. You can see we have a long way to go.) This unit will be deployed on March 2 about 25 feet below the surface at a site off Shackford Head near Eastport (acme map). Tidal power captured by the underwater turbines will be stored in batteries on the barge, which are then shuttled back and forth by boat to the Coast guard -- what they're calling a "virtual transmission line". How efficient can that be?
Although the project has the capacity to power 20 homes, Ocean Renewable does not have its pilot-project license from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and thus cannot interconnect.
How about jobs? While spending about $5 million in the past year, Ocean Renewable has grown from 4 to 17 Maine-based employees, and has created or retained another 80 jobs total at companies around the state, including Stillwater Metalworks.
An article about citizen opposition to wind farms is interesting for a variety of reasons -- both its good summary of recent actions that can be seen as limiting wind generation, and the fact that it does not appear to be spurred by any particular event.
On the local level: Central Maine Power and Rockland are in a fight over tree trimming. Reminds me of the situation in Warren when MDOT widened Route 1.
Nationally: agreement has been reached on the removal of four dams on the Klamath, three in Oregon and one in California. Shades of Edwards Dam and the Fort Halifax Dam in Maine.
More offshore tidal power! Portland, Maine-based Ocean Renewable Power is deploying its 60 kW underwater Turbine Generator Unit (TGU). (Note that 60 kW will make this the largest ocean energy device deployed in U.S. waters. You can see we have a long way to go.) This unit will be deployed on March 2 about 25 feet below the surface at a site off Shackford Head near Eastport (acme map). Tidal power captured by the underwater turbines will be stored in batteries on the barge, which are then shuttled back and forth by boat to the Coast guard -- what they're calling a "virtual transmission line". How efficient can that be?
Although the project has the capacity to power 20 homes, Ocean Renewable does not have its pilot-project license from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and thus cannot interconnect.
How about jobs? While spending about $5 million in the past year, Ocean Renewable has grown from 4 to 17 Maine-based employees, and has created or retained another 80 jobs total at companies around the state, including Stillwater Metalworks.
An article about citizen opposition to wind farms is interesting for a variety of reasons -- both its good summary of recent actions that can be seen as limiting wind generation, and the fact that it does not appear to be spurred by any particular event.
On the local level: Central Maine Power and Rockland are in a fight over tree trimming. Reminds me of the situation in Warren when MDOT widened Route 1.
Nationally: agreement has been reached on the removal of four dams on the Klamath, three in Oregon and one in California. Shades of Edwards Dam and the Fort Halifax Dam in Maine.
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