New England natural gas market dynamics affected by constraints and changing supply mix

Natural gas market dynamics vary across the U.S., according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, with a key pricing hub in the Northeast showing both high prices and high price volatility due to constrained infrastructure and a changing supply mix.

According to EIA, natural gas is traded at about 200 pricing hubs across North America, with prices varying widely based on factors including location, weather conditions, proximity to supply, pipeline constraints and bottlenecks.

EIA produced the graphic below, showing the range of natural gas spot prices at seven key pricing hubs for the first nine months of 2024. It shows that the Algonquin Citygate pricing hub experienced the highest average price over this time period, as well as the highest spot price and the largest price volatility (or range of prices).

Chart source: U.S. Energy Information Administration

According to EIA: 

Algonquin Citygate is an important pricing hub in the northeastern United States, and prices at this hub reflect natural gas market dynamics in Boston, Massachusetts, and elsewhere in New England. New England relies heavily on natural gas for heating in the winter months, but supplies are constrained by the region’s limited natural gas pipeline capacity and changing fuel mix. Price volatility at Algonquin Citygate is typically related to these periods of peak demand.

As EIA notes, natural gas pipeline constraints contribute to high prices and price volatility in New England, particularly during the winter heating season.

Maine PUC awards biomass power contract

Maine utility regulators have voted to award a long-term contract to a biomass-fueled power plant proposed for development in northern Maine.

In 2022, the Maine legislature enacted a law directing the Public Utilities Commission to establish a wood-fired combined heat and power program. The law creates an opportunity for qualifying projects to compete for long-term contracts to sell electricity or renewable energy certificates to Maine's investor-owned transmission and distribution utilities. In 2023, the PUC solicited proposals, but the PUC ultimately found that none of the proposals submitted were eligible for contracting under the 2022 law.

In 2023, the legislature amended the procurement law to broaden program eligibility including with respect to size, net generating capacity, and location. The PUC issued a revised request for proposals under the amended law. 

Now, the PUC has selected a proposal by Ashland CHP LLC to sell the electricity generated by a new biomass-fueled facility to the local utility. According to the PUC, the facility would include about 17.75 megawatts of biomass power, with 15 megawatts of electricity offered into the program, and the remaining power used for heating.

In deliberations, Maine PUC commissioners encouraged the purchasing utility to "secure offtake for the project" and to "maximize the value of the energy from this project". Maine restructured its investor-owned utilities 25 years ago, to separate wires-owning utilities from deregulated generation and competitive retail supply. The restructured utility environment means that the utility has no natural need for power, so the utility typically resells its entitlements under power purchase agreements to other buyers.