2019 in review

Here's a roundup of some of the items published on this blog in 2019 that have drawn significant interest:

• The enactment of a portfolio of Maine energy legislation that significant reformed the state's electricity renewable portfolio standard, long-term contracting programs, net energy billing program, and climate policy.
• Increasing public recognition that most of Maine's greenhouse gas emissions arise from the direct combustion of fossil fuels in the transportation and heating sectors, and the need to reduce transportation- and heating-related efforts through "beneficial electrification" or other means.
• Action by the United States to withdraw from the United Nations' Paris Climate Agreement.
• A federal proposal to "reform PURPA" or amend regulations adopted in implementation of a federal law designed to encourage cogeneration and renewable power production.
• Offshore wind procurement processes in Massachusetts and elsewhere.
• Growth in deployment of electric energy storage, following federal regulators' adoption of rules and state legislatures' enactment of incentive programs.
• Federal regulation and enforcement of market manipulation and mandatory reliability standards for the bulk electric system.
• A federal appellate court ruling, Hoopa Valley Tribe v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, reshaping a common practice in hydropower licensing by holding that the states and applicants for water quality certifications cannot indefinitely stall federal time limits for state action by repeatedly withdrawing and resubmitting their applications.

Will these trends continue in 2020?

Considering a Green New Deal

Will 2019 bring a "Green New Deal" for the U.S. or individual states?

President Franklin D. Roosevelt championed the original "New Deal" in the 1930s, as a series of federal reforms and measures designed to lift the U.S. economy out of the Great Depression. The First New Deal included banking and securities law reforms, funding for emergency relief operations by states and cities, and a Civil Works Administration. Later in the Roosevelt administration, a Second New Deal included labor law reforms, significantly increased federal employment through the Works Progress Administration jobs relief program, and the Social Security Act, among other measures.

More recently, the notion of a "Green New Deal" has emerged from a variety of sources. While the details of what constitutes a Green New Deal vary depending on the proponent, the basic concept most proposals have in common is a significant investment in clean energy to spur employment and revenue. For example:

• Mark Hertsgaard's 1998 book Earth Odyssey culminated with his vision of a "Global Green Deal" to transform global economies based on the New Deal.
• New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman has been credited with coining the "Green New Deal" phrase in a pair of opinion pieces in 2007. At the time, Friedman envisioned the government as "not funding projects, as in the original New Deal, but seeding basic research, providing loan guarantees where needed, and setting standards, taxes and incentives" to spawn business opportunities in clean power.
• In his 2008 presidential campaign, President Obama proposed addressing the nation's economic crisis by using green investments to promote new jobs, and the 2009 stimulus act included substantial measures along these lines which have been called a Green New Deal.
• In 2009, a United Nations program published a report calling for a "Global Green New Deal," again seeking transformation of global economies through investment in clean energy, systems and infrastructure.

The idea of a Green New Deal has again found some traction in 2019, although the details of what might be included remain unclear, as does the likelihood of its adoption. In 2018, as part of her successful campaign, now-Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez proposed a federal "Green New Deal" to address climate change. While the concept does not appear to have been fully embraced by Congress, state legislation proposing state-level Green New Deals has started to arise. For example, Maine state Representative Chloe Maxmin has proposed a bill whose title has been published as LR 1034, "An Act To Establish a Green New Deal for Maine."

Whatever ultimate fate these proposals meet, the concept of stimulating the economy and improving environmental performance through investment in clean energy and other green infrastructure projects will likely remain on the table for the foreseeable future. Legislatures and policymakers will be faced with challenges and opportunities in crafting measures that will succeed, in terms of both enactment and actually making a difference. If nothing else, 2019 will bring continued discussion across all levels of government about how best to move the U.S. and individual states forward.

$11.5 trillion investors' group calls for European utilities to end coal use by 2030

A group of 95 investors organized as the “Institutional Investors Group on Climate Change” has issued an open letter to European power companies on December 19, 2018, asking firms to demonstrate they are implementing business strategies aligned with the goals of the Paris Agreement.

The investors participating in the Institutional Investors Group on Climate Change collectively have $11.5 trillion in assets under management or advise; 20 of the 95 signatories each have over $200 billion in assets under management, including Aberdeen Standard Investments, BNP Paribas Asset Management, DWS, Legal and General Investment Management, Nordea Group and M&G. Other signatories include the California Public Employees' Retirement System, California State Teachers' Retirement System, New York City Comptroller’s Office, and New York State Common Retirement Fund.

Citing the United Nations IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C issued on October 8, 2018, the investors cite the risks to global markets and investments from 2 °C or higher temperature rises as “potentially catastrophic.” The IPCC report found that a number of climate change impacts could be avoided by limiting global warming to 1.5 °C compared to 2 °C or more. But the report also noted that limiting global warming to 1.5 °C would require “rapid and far-reaching” transitions in land, energy, industry, buildings, transport, and cities. In particular, the IPCC report concluded that to limit warming to 1.5 °C would require net global human-caused emissions of carbon dioxide to fall by about 45 percent from 2010 levels by 2030, reaching "net zero" around 2050. 

The group demands that power generators, grid operators and distributors “plan for their future in a net-zero carbon economy.” Specifically, they request companies to publish transition plans consistent with the goal of the Paris Agreement; develop explicit timelines and commitments for the rapid elimination of coal use by utilities in EU and OECD countries by no later than 2030; and support the development of “ambitious climate policy aligned with the Paris Agreement” directly and through their trade associations.